常見問題
如果套件都存在全域的儲存區了，為什麼我的 node_modules 資料夾仍佔用硬碟空間？
pnpm 會透過 硬連結的方式連結全域存儲到專案資料夾下的 node_modules 資料夾。 硬連結會指向硬碟上原始檔所在的同一位置。 因此，例如，如果您的項目中有 foo 作為依賴項並且它佔用 1MB 空間，那麼它看起來就像它在項目的 node_modules 文件夾中占用了與全局存儲相同的 1MB 空間。 但是，這 1MB 是硬碟上兩個不同位置的相同空間 。 所以 foo 總共只占用 1MB，而不是 2MB。
有關這個主題的更多資訊：
pnpm 可以在 Windows 上執行嗎？
一句話：是的。 詳細回答：在 Windows 上使用符號連結會造成許多問題，但 pnpm 有一個暫時的解決方法。 對於 Windows，我們用junctions替代。
但是巢狀 node_modules 的方式不適用於 Windows？
之前的 npm 版本因巢狀內嵌了所有 node_modules 發生問題 (請參閱此問題)。 However, pnpm does not create deep folders, it stores all packages flatly and uses symbolic links to create the dependency tree structure.
What about circular symlinks?
Although pnpm uses linking to put dependencies into node_modules folders, circular symlinks are avoided because parent packages are placed into the same node_modules folder in which their dependencies are. So foo's dependencies are not in foo/node_modules, but foo is in node_modules together with its own dependencies.
為什麼使用硬連結？ 為什麼不直接 symlink 至全域的儲存區？
一個包在一台機器上可以有不同的依賴集。
In project A foo@1.0.0 can have a dependency resolved to bar@1.0.0, but in project B the same dependency of foo might resolve to bar@1.1.0; so, pnpm hard links foo@1.0.0 to every project where it is used, in order to create different sets of dependencies for it.
Direct symlinking to the global store would work with Node's --preserve-symlinks flag, however, that approach comes with a plethora of its own issues, so we decided to stick with hard links. For more details about why this decision was made, see this issue.
Does pnpm work across multiple drives or filesystems?
The package store should be on the same drive and filesystem as installations, otherwise packages will be copied, not linked. This is due to a limitation in how hard linking works, in that a file on one filesystem cannot address a location in another. See Issue #712 for more details.
pnpm functions differently in the 2 cases below:
已指定儲存區路徑
If the store path is specified via the store config, then copying occurs between the store and any projects that are on a different disk.
If you run pnpm install on disk A, then the pnpm store must be on disk A. If the pnpm store is located on disk B, then all required packages will be directly copied to the project location instead of being linked. This severely inhibits the storage and performance benefits of pnpm.
未指定儲存區路徑
If the store path is not set, then multiple stores are created (one per drive or filesystem).
If installation is run on disk A, the store will be created on A .pnpm-store under the filesystem root. If later the installation is run on disk B, an independent store will be created on B at .pnpm-store. The projects would still maintain the benefits of pnpm, but each drive may have redundant packages.
What does pnpm stand for?
pnpm stands for performant npm. @rstacruz came up with the name.
pnpm does not work with <YOUR-PROJECT-HERE>?
In most cases it means that one of the dependencies require packages not declared in package.json. It is a common mistake caused by flat node_modules. If this happens, this is an error in the dependency and the dependency should be fixed. That might take time though, so pnpm supports workarounds to make the buggy packages work.
解決方案 1
In case there are issues, you can use the node-linker=hoisted setting. This creates a flat node_modules structure similar to the one created by npm.
解決方案 2
In the following example, a dependency does not have the iterall module in its own list of deps.
The easiest solution to resolve missing dependencies of the buggy packages is to add iterall as a dependency to our project's package.json.
You can do so, by installing it via pnpm add iterall, and will be automatically added to your project's package.json.
"dependencies": {
...
"iterall": "^1.2.2",
...
}
解決方案 3
One of the solutions is to use hooks for adding the missing dependencies to the package's package.json.
An example was Webpack Dashboard which wasn't working with pnpm. It has since been resolved such that it works with pnpm now.
It used to throw an error:
Error: Cannot find module 'babel-traverse'
at /node_modules/inspectpack@2.2.3/node_modules/inspectpack/lib/actions/parse
The problem was that babel-traverse was used in inspectpack which was used by webpack-dashboard, but babel-traverse wasn't specified in inspectpack's package.json. It still worked with npm and yarn because they create flat node_modules.
The solution was to create a .pnpmfile.cjs with the following contents:
module.exports = {
hooks: {
readPackage: (pkg) => {
if (pkg.name === "inspectpack") {
pkg.dependencies['babel-traverse'] = '^6.26.0';
}
return pkg;
}
}
};
After creating a .pnpmfile.cjs, delete pnpm-lock.yaml only - there is no need to delete node_modules, as pnpm hooks only affect module resolution. Then, rebuild the dependencies & it should be working.